Madonna tumbled down a set of stairs and landed awkwardly, apparently
after a dancer tried to remove a cape she was wearing at the start of
her routine.
But she recovered and returned to continue her song, Living For Love.
The 56-year-old issued a statement later saying she was "fine" and that her cape had been "tied too tight".
, referencing the lyrics to her song. "Thanks for your good wishes!"
The painful incident came at the end of a ceremony where Ed Sheeran and Sam Smith shared the honours, winning two awards each.
An average of 5.3 million people tuned in to the ceremony on
ITV, according to overnight ratings - rising to 5.8 million when ITV+1
viewers are added in.
That is up from the 4.6 million who tuned in last year - but less than 2013's overnight audience of 6.5 million.
At the scene
John Hand, BBC News
You may have wondered why there was no gasp of shock from the O2 crowd as Madonna took her backward tumble.
Well, sitting way up in the balcony seats among some of
Madonna's biggest fans - the type who know and sing along with every
lyric - the initial thought was that it may have been a particularly
well orchestrated dance manoeuvre.
Consider the evidence - she fell on the lyric "I let down my
guard, I fell into your arms" and was back on her feet to sing purposely
"now that it's over, I'm going to carry on".
The truth later emerged but credit to the showbiz trooper for
carrying on. In the words of those other Brit Award history-makers
Chumbawamba "I get knocked down but I get up again".
Sheeran scooped the night's main prize, album of the year, for
his record X - which was the best-selling record of 2014 in the UK.
"I was really worried abut this album," he said, accepting his trophy from actor Russell Crowe. "It took a long time to make."
The star added it had been a "very, very good year for British music".
"I don't think a statue gives justification of people's success," he continued.
Sheeran also won best British male, while Sam Smith took home
best breakthrough artist and the global success award - recognising
album sales outside the UK.
The singer, who won four Grammys earlier this month, thanked his fans in an emotional speech.
"Since I was a little kid I dreamed of people all over the
world singing my songs and although I've got a long way to go, this
shows that I'm stepping in the right direction."
Earlier, Taylor Swift opened proceedings, playing her hit
single Blank Space surrounded by dancers in white suits and bowler hats.
She went on to win best international female, her first award after eight years of releasing records in the UK.
"I started out playing King's College [in London] and eight
years later I'm getting ready to play Hyde Park," she said backstage.
"It's like... what?"
The star dedicated her award to Sheeran, a close friend, who fanned the flames of her love affair with the UK by "
taking me to pubs and showing me how to make a proper cup of tea."
Both acknowledged their slow-building success in their speeches.
"Oh my god, wow," said Swift. "I've been coming to England
and playing shows for eight years and this is my first Brit Award, I'm
so happy."
Taylor Swift won best international female solo artist
Paloma Faith won best British female, and also alluded to her slow-building career.
"This has been 13 years in the making and I'm going to gob off a bit," she told the audience at London's O2 Arena.
She revealed she'd "been arrested twice" for fly posting in
Hackney when she was a young artist, but could now see her face on
posters at the tube station outside the venue.
Faith's third album, A Perfect Contradiction, was the
biggest-selling female record in the last year, shifting more than
725,000 copies.
She also gave one of the night's more elaborate performances, singing Only Love Can Hurt Like This under a streaming waterfall.
Mark Ronson won best single for Uptown Funk, while Brighton
rock duo Royal Blood were presented with best British Group by rock
legend Jimmy Page.
The band also performed at the show, alongside George Ezra
and Kanye West, who premiered a new song All Day, which had to be
heavily censored by ITV.
Analysis
Mark Savage, Entertainment reporter
There's a perennial gripe that the Brit Awards don't reward
innovation or cutting-edge music. Radiohead and PJ Harvey have
notoriously never won, for example.
But the critics have lost perspective: The artists rewarded
at the Brits are usually the ones the public have fallen in love with,
for better or worse.
Sam Smith's Stay With Me is already a standard; while Ed Sheeran's Thinking Out Loud will soundtrack weddings for years to come.
As Lionel Richie said on the red carpet, "these songs will last the rest of your life".
So, yes, the Brits are more populist than the Mercury Prize
or the NME Awards, but as the industry's main awards night, it seems
right that commercial success is the ceremony's barometer.
Although I'm sure the organisers would love to erase Steps victory in 2000's "best live act" category from history.